The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the net early on.
However, the southern French side fired twice late to take a surprise lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.